Hawley Griffin
ball of healing light
Registered: Feb 2004
Location: south afrika
Posts: 16976 |
Toxicity
Most species of rattlesnakes have hemotoxic venom, destroying tissue, degenerating organs and disrupting blood clotting. Rattlesnakes have the most potent hemotoxic venom of any snake, making them one of the most dangerous snakes in the world. A few other snakes have stronger venom, but the large amounts of venom rattlers can inject make their bites one of the worst. Some degree of permanent scarring is very likely in the event of a venomous bite, even with prompt, effective treatment, and a severe envenomation, combined with delayed or ineffective treatment, can lead to the loss of a limb and usually death. Thus, a rattlesnake bite is always a potentially serious, or even fatal, injury. Untreated rattlesnake bites, especially from larger species, are usually fatal. However, antivenom, when applied in time, reduces the death rate to less than 4%.
The venom of the Mojave Rattler is the most potent - its LD-50 is comparable to an Indian Cobra. Large Diamondback rattlers, while having considerably less potency by volume than other species such as the Mojave or Midget Faded rattlesnakes, possess a large enough volume of venom to kill several hundred humans.
Some rattlesnakes, especially the tropical species, have neurotoxic venom. A bite from these snakes can interfere with the function of the heart, paralyze the lungs, and shut down parts of the nervous system. Bites by neurotoxic species such as the Mojave Rattlesnake should be field treated by wrapping the bitten area with an elastic bandage to impede the spread of the poison for as long as possible. This is not a tourniquet, and should be wrapped only as tightly as one would wrap a sprain (it should be possible to slip a finger between the bandage and the limb). The goal is to impede the subcutaneous circulation of the venom. Tourniquets are not recommended for any type of snakebite.
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