The problem with Genre by pj - 2001-10-08 05:09:06
The concept of genre is host to multiple problems and contradictions. Over the years numerous critics have tried to pin down the meaning of genre with little success. The problem is that most films share more than a single genre and there are no characteristics belong to just one genre. One might say that a western is a western because it is set in the desert, but the opening scene of Return of the Jedi (Richard Marquand, 1983) is also set in the desert and this film is frequently referred to as a science fiction film. As the Alien Saga shows us, space is not the sole property of Science fiction. Blade Runner (Ridley Scott, 1982) is a film noir set in the future and the future is associated with science fiction so in what genre would this film fit? Genres it seems can only be applied as a rather loose form of classification because the theory does not appear to stand up to close scrutiny.




Alien (Ridley Scott, 1979) was essentially an amalgamation of genres; it took the location of space, and an alien which usually only appear in science fiction, incorporated the narration of a horror film and created a hybrid. This mixing of genre is commonplace in the film industry today in fact it is unusual to find a film which does not cross genres, the question is why is it so common place? The answer to that question is that our (the audience) enjoyment is based upon the use of repetition and variation. Repetition and variation have to be understood in their relationship to desire and pleasure according to Steve Neale. The Alien Saga is a good example of this process. The saga consists of four films each episode can be viewed independently of the others but as a whole they create the story of the alien Vs Ellen Ripley (Sigourney Weaver). The film follows the conventions of a traditional horror to a degree by a female protagonist, who appears to be more aware than her shipmates, and retains a higher sense of responsibility. The crews commercial space freighter, the ‘Nostromo’, doubles as a haunted house where all of the crew will eventually be killed by the alien (except for Ripley who is the sole human survivor). Is this film there is only one alien that Ripley has to destroy. The enjoyment from watching this film is comes from the way the film keeps the spectator in the dark, not knowing when or how the alien will attack, and who if any of the crew of the Nostromo will survive. Aliens (James Cameron, 1986) takes the genres of the first episode and adds themes found in a war movie. In this installment, Ripley and a group of marines take on swarms of aliens, with the majority of marines dying in the process. There is a strong maternal theme in this segment of the saga, with Ripley forming a mother-child relationship with the eight-year-old Newt. The film’s finale is similar to its predecessor, ending with a battle between the two mothers, the alien Queen and Ripley. Again Ripley is the victor, using the now tried and tested method of blowing the alien out of an airlock. This film relies more on adrenaline rushes to keep its audience entertained compared to suspense-filled Alien. It starts slowly but by the time the film gets to its halfway stage the narrative is moving at quite a pace. There are several peaks in the action that involve close escapes (Ripley rescuing Vasquez (Jenette Goldstein), Hicks (Michael Biehn) and Hudson (Bill Paxton) by disobeying hapless Commander Gorman (William Hope) and driving the armoured personnel carrier into the complex) and near misses (when the ‘Sulaco’s drop ship crashes and turns in to a fireball the nearly engulfs our group of survivors). There is the same question of who will survive and what will be left of them because the aliens are present in greater numbers, but there is also the race against time with the threat of the nuclear explosion of the atmosphere processors. This difference in the film text changes the mood of the movie. Most of the film is set on the planet in contrast to the previous film where the action took place aboard the ‘Nostromo’.




The most recent additions to the series are similar to the previous films on quite a few levels. Alien3 (David Fincher, 1992) took the saga back to basics, using the setting of prison on the planet Fury 161 to give the film a slightly primitive feel to it and removing the fire fights that made Aliens so exciting. By doing this, the film is much like Alien in its mood, making it more like horror film in prison, and losing to an extent the essence of science fiction. Again it is Ripley, who, in a prison full of men, is the character who finally defeats the alien, and then destroys herself and the Queen that she has been impregnated with. The fourth film Alien Resurrection (Jean-Pierre Jeunet 1997) is effectively Aliens revisited if one can ignore the fact that the film is set entirely on a space station. In place of marines we have smugglers, lots of gunfire and explosions, and again there is a maternal theme. The clone of Ripley is mother to an alien queen, as well as having motherly feelings for the alien. Ripley also has a close relationship with Call (Winona Ryder), a rather young woman who turns out to be an android. Yet again it is Ripley who saves the day by killing her offspring, blowing a hole in side of the smugglers ship and watching her human/alien hybrid child being sucked through the hole by the vacuum of space.




By briefly describing the films it should possible to see the similarities that the film’s share. All of the films feature Ripley, one or more aliens, a crew of some kind that will ultimately end up being killed by the alien/s and some reference or theme involving motherhood. The genres of horror and to a lesser extent science fiction are consistent throughout the saga, but they are diluted with other genres to add differences. It is interesting to note that the success of each film is different. Alien was a relatively low budget film that met with critical and commercial success. Aliens was a blockbuster film in most respects and is for many people the definitive alien movie, the third and fourth films were commercial failures if compared with their predecessors. Is this indicative of audiences’ interest? Is the mix of horror and science getting tired? It is the formula of repetition and variance that forms the basis of our viewing, (and to some degree fictional reading) and by using this formula we draw pleasure and ideas from visual media. It is by using genres that we are directed to the core of film text, and the characteristics within that core.




This process is not done consciously. We all assign certain films to certain genres without thinking about it, but films are not universally pigeon-holed. Personally I would class the Alien Saga as a science fiction and horror hybrid, but others may class it as a feminist text because the film’s main character is a woman who is mentally stronger than any of the men within the films, therefore she survives and the men die. Indeed the majority of writings on the films are with regard to the feminist movement and when written about in terns of genre it would not be unreasonable to concur with these writings. It the same way it would also be appropriate to a ‘Nam’ film on the basis that the scenario in Aliens. The Marines believe that they are going to the planet LV 426 to destroy a xenomorphic creature when they are actually going to retrieve it for commercial reasons. It is easy to draw parallels between the scenario in Aliens and the circumstances surrounding Vietnam.




“The usefulness of this (and classification can only be justified by its use) depends on what it is meant to achieve. But what is certain is that just as the critic determines the criteria on which the classification is based, so he also determines the name given to the resultant groups of films. Our group might just as well be called ‘type 1482/9a as ‘westerns’.”




An interpretation of the film depends largely of the disposition of the reader of the text, and the reading of the text is based almost entirely on the amount of knowledge the reader has acquired and the semiotics used within the text. In this day and age the majority of film viewers are cine-literate, because we have this literacy we are able to understand and accommodate the cross-pollination of genres with ease. Some people are fans of particular film types, such as horror films, detective films or westerns. They have expectations of that film type and enjoy the themes inherent to it.




The problem with genre theory is that there is not much theory to it. The ideas of pleasure being derived from repetition and variance lend themselves more to the theory of spectatorship than to a specific theory of genre, and in that respect genre study can add to the theory of spectatorship. Genre is useful for merchandising franchises, the comics, and novels. Computer games all carry the framework of the Alien world, a framework that requires aliens, Ellen Ripley (in some form), a futuristic scenario and death in abundance. The Internet is rife with the web sites of Alien fans, all predicting future episodes of the saga that conform to the staple diet mentioned beforehand. The Alien films are now cult movies with fans willing to watch any future additions to the franchise.




The use of genre is not only apparent in the domain of films. Genre is used heavily in the worlds of music and sport; we even put people in categories based upon their image and status. It was inevitable that films would be categorized, and by giving names to the categories it is easy to distinguish the different themes of each of them. This is the principle of genre and its main purpose. I do not think there is much scope for the theory beyond this purpose. Genre theory is distinctly different from other theories. Most theories have a real essence to them. For example, the writings of Freud partially form the basis from which psychoanalysts work. Feminism and masculinity are inherent in men and women the world over and stem from anthropology, giving it some academic weight … what does genre stem from the study of? Genre seems to be more of a term than a theory and it is in constantly in a state of flux; it has no fixed meaning. And this is the problem with genre theory, there is no definition of what a genre is, there are no rules to it, and without a definition or set of rules it is difficult to call it a theory. So if there is no real theory of genre, how can one apply it to the study of spectatorship?




“Theorists have been unsuccessful in producing a coherent map of the system of genres and no strict definition of a single genre has won widespread approval.”




Bibliography




Genre Gender and the Alien Trilogy


Written by Doherty, Thomas


From the book The Dread of Difference: Gender and the Horror Film


Edited by Keith Grant, Barry


Published by the University of Texas Press, 1996




Critical Method…Genre


Written by Tudor, Andrew


And


Extract from Genre


Written by Neale, Steve


Both from the book The Film Studies Reader


Edited by Hollows, Joanne, Hutchings, Peter and Janovich, Mark


Published by Arnold, a member of the Hodder Headline Group, 2000




Genre and Hollywood


Written by Ryall, Tom


From the book The Oxford Guide to Film Studies


Edited by Hill, John and Church Gibson, Pamela


Published by the Oxford University Press, 1998




Internet Fandom and the Continuing Narratives of Star Wars, Blade Runner and Aliens


Written by Brooker, Will


From the book Alien Zone II: the spaces of science fiction cinema


Edited by Kuhn, Annette


Published by Verso the imprint of New Left Books, 1999




  Read more of pj
Got Porn? by T H E A S Y L U M - 2001-10-08 05:02:51

PRON Kitty says:
"My hard drive hurts"



  Read more of Old Farts
Loser Limeys by Dingle - 2001-09-18 04:49:50
well, i cant let them make you work, thats just not right, and considering our hits have dropped 50% since the 'big ban' i just had to do something. just dont get it in your heads that i like you gits.




go here: http://www.madsmackdown.com and scroll down and log in with your asylum login/pwd.




it may be a tad slower but it should work. i made a stealth style called 'loser_limeys'. use that style and it wont even resemble asylum, and most of the asylum references are gone.




the front page may or may not work all that well there, but the forum should be fine.




cheers and welcome back, now dont let the big shots catch on, ok?




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Help by Dingle - 2001-09-15 23:15:05
Some URL's of organizations accepting donations to aid in the recent disasters:




http://www.helping.org/


http://www.clearchannel.com


http://www.give.org/


http://www.clearchannel.com
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Java Chat is now working by Dingle - 2001-09-15 23:13:00
read the subject
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In Praise Of Anonymity by Lightbulb - 2001-09-12 03:16:05
There will come a time, my friends, when everyone is remembered. These days, with the world embracing Big Brother and all the convenience he offers, with each human being of average intelligence and desire inheriting the aim of ‘becoming famous’, with talk shows providing those grinning masses with nothing to say a means to say it, we are willingly imprinting our ontological detritus upon the memory of the machine.

Dates of birth, council tax records, credit card bills, consumer spending habits, telephone usages and preferred nutritional flavours all recorded for manipulation and interpretation by Corperia, the nation with money as its flag. But why stop there? A camera upon every street, gazing impassively down as the muggings continue, but this time with a higher probability of prosecution. Digital cameras atop computer monitors revealing the dull lives of the internet enhanced. Now your fifteen minutes of fame is only a credit card purchase away, and can be stretched into a full twenty-four hours of uninterrupted service.

Littering cyberspace are web sites agonisingly referred to as home pages and, obediently, their owners fill them with the day to day mundanities of their homes, their dogs, their children’s newly bulging warts. The mountains and valleys that were the cultural icons and silent, consuming masses of our previous age of information dispersal have been replaced by a bubbling, seething porridge of media. Everyone may add to the pot and with more channels on the way, more books being published, an avalanche of magazines vomiting from the presses, the onus of discernment of what is Good or True or Valuable has shifted from the editors to us.

Glory! The open modes of communication have finally arrived but the flood is threatening to engulf our puny minds, evolutionarily unprepared for this sudden increase in input. A being will learn more from her daily browse of a broadsheet newspaper than the average 18th century citizen would in his lifetime. Yet switch on the TV — another channel, another medium. Flick around the radio. Open the floodgates of the internet. We are gasping, drowning in content.

Drowning, too, in familiarity. We can’t help but bump into personalities as we navigate our way through our cities. Television presenters, comedians, advertising performance artists, and they will soon be struggling for breath as the ocean of ego rises, swelled by fragmentary personalities known perhaps not for their solid media careers but their salubrious deeds; Presidential cock-suckers or the Sun’s tit parade, for example. Celebrity stalkers become themselves stalked by sub stalkers lurking further down the celebrity pile, once their well covered trials have returned verdict.

As the global ego swells, weeping through from one medium to another, internet celebrities interviewed by radio personalities who are, themselves, being filmed by independent production companies with a flair for post-modern double coverage ... hmm, sounds interesting ... could we run an article? ... each fragment of individuality is examined, measured, speculated upon until everything it was is sucked dry, marketed to adoring fans, teased out until it becomes a cellophane thin shadow. Even now the media beast is casting about itself and fastening its fangs into ‘ordinary people’, a gut-wrenchingly sickening phrase, in an attempt to discard the damaged self-absorption of celebrity and make contact once again with innocence.

Besides which, it’s cheaper.

But the stain spreads, infecting these poor innocents the moment the camera’s baleful red recording light flickers into life. The glassy eye whips around, steered by instantaneous consumer feedback through digital TV. The camera shivers, its dimpled casing beginning to undulate and breathe, a shimmering reptilian skin replacing the plastic. It hisses like a snake and sprouts wings, the better to soar towards a story, a face, anything as yet unseen. For they’re getting bored, those poor Watchers glued to their command centres, remote controls in hand. They’ve realised that humanity has become homogenised on a diet of McDonalds, Coke and ricewater television. They’ve had enough of yet more transparent, grinning clubbers mouthing clichés they, themselves, consumed from another TV program. They’ve had enough, these Watchers, of barely conscious, barely glimmering talk show stars trickling dull, lifeless words from their mouths for an hour as they shoot the shit with their unconvincing guests. It seems to these poor, hungry Watchers that the more channels they pay for the more they discover slickly presented programmes which feature ordinary people sitting, remotes in hand, scouring the airwaves for flickers of originality. It’s not even a buzz, any longer, when they stumble across themselves on their screens, watching themselves, watching themselves, fed back down a self-referential video tunnel into infinity.

The cameras, now fully evolved into scaly, mobile demons throb with new purpose, urged on by these jaded masses. They scream into the air, flapping their wings, no longer connected to the networks by primitive cabling. Like us, they lost their tails during their evolution. And they scour, these beasts, the world, seeking out the quiet ones who thought they could escape the flabby, self-obsessed ego. The cameras shoulder their way into these placid lives and bark out questions submitted by e-mail. How do you live as you do, without media coverage? Who are you? What do you eat? Your favourite pop icon? Describe your silence to us in intimate detail!

For the new celebrity is that of occlusion and mystery. The coquettish ones who held back, who didn’t spill their reality like offal for all to pick over.

The deeper the mystery, the more desperate the Watchers become, driven almost to movement by the shivering delight of discovery. Great searchlights of curiosity stab into these backwaters, flooding them, agitating the stillness and finally corrupting and destroying.

The first to go are those who simply didn’t have the imagination to leap aboard the media train as it started up. Their lives, even more mundane than those of the Watchers, are pored over in scientific detail, each barely perceivable nugget of individuation dancing like an intellectual orgasm across the nervous systems of the Watchers. This occupies them for a time.

Meanwhile, the cacodaemons screaming through the air have been probing more deserted areas of the Earth. Here and there, like swarms of bloated wasps, they hover above remote civilisations. The delight with which the Watchers consume these new images is a sight to behold. Some of them struggle to their feet, loose folds of lazy blubber swaying as they do so, for it has been a while since these creatures have been motile, and struggle into Amazonian Puchta T-Shirts, or play DVD soundtracks of the last, gasping recordings of Tibetan prayer, before they can tune in daily to the Dali Lama’s own talk show.

Now it becomes difficult. Those better prepared for this assault of observation have already fortified their defences, but it’s like trying to hold back a tsunami. Highly evolved cameras the size of flies, little creepy-crawly microphones edge their way past the securest doors. The mysteries of financial barons, so long merely names and numbers in the broadsheets’ stock lists, now inspire whole continents to dine Italian. An old spinster in a remote farmhouse digs a potato up for her dinner and the world tuber market goes through the roof. Still more is required as these wells of originality and, lets face it, difference are tapped and sprayed across the Watchers’ eyes.

Now comes the turn of the morally unique. Long before have the simple sexual pleasures of the races been observed aghast or with nervous but fascinated titters. Under the guise of hard hitting reportage, the cameras ease their way into dark practices, barrelling through S&M and Bondage, retailing the treasures of Domination in the form of a Christmas board game. The mysteries and magiks of Tantra are converted into pocket sized How To books, with an accompanying athletically presented participation show at 5PM on a Sunday.

Devil worship is consumed, absorbed and regurgitated in documentary form as Satan himself withers under this insouciant light, suddenly leaving his worshippers with a hole in their faith. Violence remarkets itself as a healthy alternative to motor racing. Convicted felons are now no longer handed sentences but brickbats, the better to defend themselves on the family show ‘Fighting For Justice’.

There are now only five or six character types in existence around the globe which makes the problem of overpopulation easily addressable. Many of the redundant mounds of flesh propped in front of their televisions are ‘disconnected’ with either a searing blast of electricity administered through the remote control or perhaps a vicious memetic pulse that flashes and glitters upon the screen, driving horrible archetypal images deep into the Watchers’ psyches, their nervous systems lighting up like pinball machines, their hearts stuttering to a halt on command.

There must, of course, remain a quantity of Watchers, for quantum physics demands a selection of observers lest the entire region of space-time vanishes up its own superposition.

But all is not lost...

Ah, no. We could prance merrily in the same direction here, following the final, strangeterrible blending of flesh and metal, scaly cameras still searing through the sky in pursuit of the original as the networks extrude wiry tendrils into their watching public, becoming over time a biomechanoid entity with all the channels and nothing to watch...

But there is a silver lining.

For in the latter part of the twentieth century, only moments before we roll into the twenty-first, a new species has begun to evolve. Flowing in their veins is blood fizzing with a liquid grin. It sometimes floats up to their faces and unsettles those who are unfamiliar with it.

These creatures have long been lurking in the genetic structure of humanity, waiting for their chance to leap out and begin to creep amongst the sleepy, reactive, sheep-like catatonics as yet unwoken from the dream state into which they have allowed their leaders to lull them. The new creatures resemble human beings, indeed they are human beings, but have made the final evolutionary jump which was the destination nature had intended. They dwell in their bodies with knowing smirks, moving in the shadows of the media feeding frenzy, watching, waiting, filling themselves up with crackling ideology, arcs of electric thought surging through their minds. As they watch, they too notice the homogenisation of the species, they too notice with detached amusement how the governments shepherd those who allow themselves to be led.

Distilling in their minds are strange new thoughts, thoughts which protrude from our simple, deceptive three-dimensional world into hyperspace and beyond. They are growing psychic limbs, these creatures, the better to navigate the heady metadimensions of ideaspace. To the outside observer they are simple souls with perhaps a skewed sense of humour. Yes .. that seems to be their uniting factor. A sense of humour that doesn’t quite match with the worlds’. The sort of humour which can take in the tragedy of a nation that is sending financial aid packages to a country which was its sworn enemy only decades before in order to secure its own illusory global financial system — a humour that can take in such a scene and smirk. For these creatures know that these global thrashings are ultimately irrelevant and doomed to extinction.

They are beginning to realise, these creatures, that a few words here and there cascade through the minds of the sleepers in remarkably predictable ways and, with great love and supreme gentleness, these newly evolved beings are negotiating their way through this simplistic, media bled environment with the magikal use of words. They are learning to weave universes before the eyes of those willing Watchers behind which they can hide. The swarms of cameras will pass them by every time because they are simply looking the wrong way.

In global censuses, numbers will be missing. Entire streets will exist which simply do not appear on maps. A carefully fractured reality will be spun, through which these new creatures slip silently, with great intention and utter anonymity. These Unobserved will at first nudge the minds and thoughts of their sleepy cousins the better to secure their niche and thence to obscure themselves from the groping tentacles of the media machine, tentacles which for them will be blind and senseless.

Working, then, under a masque of non-existence they will guide the evolution of the human race in better and headier ways than it has seen in millennia, leading them out of the trough of nest-soiling and personal bickering into which they have fallen and into a world of love and, ultimately, exploration. A looking outward, and a looking inward with true sight, clear sight, the sight of the inspired.

Yet even with the enormous power these creatures will have to shadow men’s minds, or envelop humanity in multilayered world pictures the better to guide them, they will not fall into the trap of dominion. These new creatures don’t give a fuck about the domination game, except when it prolongs orgasm. They have instead developed a fascination with the mysterious conglomeration of Stuff they find themselves living in, walking on, eating, seeing and being. It is by curiosity and a desire to share that they are led, and when they leap through the minds of the populous either as smoothly as a passing photon or with the intention of leaving, newly secreted, a glittering idea, in effect inhabiting the ecosphere of the global mind, they will do so with equanimity and with exquisite care.

When, finally, they leap from the bodies in which they were born, in which they remembered themselves, and realise that all that prevents them from moving from that locality of space-time is a preoccupation with the illusory limitations of density, they will not desert their sleepy brothers and sisters, but will linger to guide them and provide the opportunity for them to follow, should they one day awaken.

They are as varied as snowflakes, these creatures, yet they share some traits. They all have a sense of humour, they are all inquisitively intelligent and, most delightfully, they are all, to a man and to a woman, utterly insane.

They know who they are.

Join them.

  Read more of Lightbulb
New Forum Style Options by Dingle - 2001-09-12 01:32:44
ive added a couple new style set. if you go to your user cp and scroll to the bottom you can select a different style.




Default is the current blue and gray scheme


UBB5 style is the same as Default


default-verdana is the same as Default except with verdana text for you comic sans haters


asylum_red is the old red color scheme


vbulletin_default is the default vbulletin style, light blue and white




cheers




Edit: also added


black and white - white text on black background


white and black - black text on white bg




also note these styles affect the forum only, not the rest of the site
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New Site Design by Dingle - 2001-09-11 05:13:17
well its been in planning forever, and in development for ages, but its finally here... the unveiling.





I'm not gonna write a big long description of the new design because you can see it for yourself. Go ahead, browse around, or dont.





The old reddish color scheme will still be an option. If you go to your user control panel click 'options' then choose 'ubb5 style'.





Some stuff isnt available yet, and some stuff doesnt work yet, but it'll all be coming soon. Please let me know of any bugs





if you go to http://www.asylumnation.com and get the old page it means the old index.html is cached and you need to close all your browser windows and open your browser back up.

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dingle ups the pantie ante by J E B Stuart - 2001-09-07 02:21:33
OLUSTEE, OK ## Dingle Van Winkle a/k/a Mad Scatter issued the following "used pantie" challenge earlier today:




"While illusion's initiative and efforts at commerce are arguably commendable, she's taking advantage of the misguided and the uninformed. Truth is, she's strictly a rank amateur. 'Used panties', my ass. She don't know shit from shinola.




I'll extend this offer to any good Asylum member . . . you want seriously stanky panties? Uncompromisingly rotten drawers? Don't pay the big bucks for 'em, 'cause I'll fix you right up.




All you need do is mail your panties, drawers, or whatever, to me in care of that jackass wonderaz and I'll dump a fresh, major league load o' crap in 'em that's sure to knock your head clean off your shoulders with just one whiff ## and everyone else's in the vicinity, for that matter. Not recommended for people with heart conditions or frail constitutions.




These make great gag gifts and most people are rendered speechless in a matter of seconds. If you smoke 'em, though, out of an abundance of caution, be sure your shots are all up-to-date.




One other small item . . . I'm currently fighting extradition to Minnesota on some trumped-up charges and my legal bills are mounting. So, if you can throw in a few extra bucks when you send me your stuff, I'll be sure and whip up an extra-big, custom batch."
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jeebus's last panty raid by J E B Stuart - 2001-09-06 06:04:07
FARMINGTON, ME ## "Due to the incredible interest shown thus far in Roshigoth's Nookie Nation Sweeps, the AsylumNation administrators have cooked up yet another contest to show their appreciation to the members!" announced Paint CHiPs, recent immigrant to Maine.




Mr. CHiPs advised this next venture is a fiction writing contest and provided the following details:




1. Contestants will write and submit an original short story entitled, "Jeebus's Last Panty Raid". The panel of judges will be selected by the site administrators. There is no limit on length, although 5000 words or less is recommended. Additionally, the admins reserve the right to edit as necessary in their sole judgment.




2. Grand Prize will be an AsylumNation Toaster. All entries must be the original work of the entrant and submitted before noon CST, 15 October 2001, Any and all entries may be published, or not, at the sole discretion of the admins and all rights are reserved.




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